{"id":213,"date":"2013-11-04T12:24:05","date_gmt":"2013-11-04T17:24:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/?page_id=213"},"modified":"2013-12-10T23:16:40","modified_gmt":"2013-12-11T04:16:40","slug":"mosque-architecture","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/tr-515\/mosque-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Mosque Architecture 5:15"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1024 aligncenter\" alt=\"Capture\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/files\/2013\/11\/Capture1-586x98-custom.png\" width=\"586\" height=\"98\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: x-small\">December 2013<\/span><\/em><br \/>\nI. Overview Video<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">II. Birth of the Islamic Mosque<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">III. Architectural Segmentation<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">IV. Sources<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: small\">\u201cThe spiritual peace that one feels in the masjid is but one of the many blessings of visiting a House of Allah.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: small\">-Yasir Qadhi<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;font-size: medium\"><strong>I. Overview Video<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino\"><span class=\"vvqbox vvqyoutube\" style=\"width:425px;height:344px;\"><span id=\"vvq-213-youtube-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bv116rwlYrE\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/bv116rwlYrE\/0.jpg\" alt=\"YouTube Preview Image\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;font-size: medium\"><strong>II. Birth of the Islamic Mosque<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">Then<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">After migrating to Medina, The Messenger of Allah, Prophet Muhammad, established the Islamic state we now see today.\u00a0Muhammad saw the need for a belief system along with a social system for all aspects of the newly birthing Islamic ways of life.\u00a0 However, Muhammad and his followers faced a problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">Where\u00a0was the new Muslim society\u00a0supposed to generate their ideas, beliefs, and address to its problems? The Muslims wanted to have a communal place where they could worship, educate, govern, direct daily aspects of life, and above all come together as a community. Seeing these common wants, a plot of land was purchased and the first ever Mosque was constructed.\u00a0 This mosque consisted of \u201c\u2026sand, its walls of brick, its pulpit of wood, and its roof from tree branches and leaves from trees\u201d (Farahati 146). That didn\u2019t matter to the Muslim community; what mattered to them the most was that the mosque itself was <a id=\"FALINK_3_0_2\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/tr-515\/mosque-architecture\/\">filled<\/a> with the \u201cspirituality, intimacy, cordiality, and faith and love of Allah\u201d (Farahati 146).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">Now<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">The Islamic mosque can be seen as the \u201cmost important organization in Islamic society.\u201d The mosque itself contains social, political, and educational embodiments. The mosque explained in the previous section is located in Medina, Saudi Arabia and is called The Masjid-al-Quba. Click\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;text-decoration: underline\"><a title=\"3D Tour\" href=\"http:\/\/www.3dmekanlar.com\/en\/masjid-al-quba.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;text-decoration: underline\">HERE<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> to be taken to Masjid al-Quba for a 3D virtual tour!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-51135804-b56a-242c-6719-1a3f50c191c4\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino;font-size: medium\">3 Different types of Mosques:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium;font-family: georgia, palatino\"><strong>The Hypostyle Mosque<\/strong><\/span>:<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino;font-size: medium\"> This mosque was the primary mosque type during the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. These Caliphs followed in the Prophet&#8217;s footsteps. \u00a0The prayer hall in a Hypostyle Mosque is normally formed of rows of vertical supports or consists of a columned hall in which the columns can be multiplied. The minaret, mihrab, and minbar were introduced in the architecture of this mosque.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><strong>The Iwan Mosque<\/strong>: This is a mosque that is mostly dominant in Iran. The prayer hall is an iwan.\u00a0An iwan is\u00a0a large hall or audience chamber. It is often open on one side and largely valued. An Iwan mosque can be made up of up\u00a0to four iwans, which are normally surrounding a courtyard. This type of mosque was the most popular type in the medieval period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><strong>The Central-Dome Mosque<\/strong>: In this type of mosque, the prayer hall is covered by a central dome. This central dome may be surrounded by smaller and lower semi-domes which do not necessarily cover places where prayer is done. This mosque was introduced by the Ottomans in the 15th century.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;text-decoration: underline\">III. Architectural Segmentation<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><strong>Mihrab<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino;font-size: medium\">The mihrab marks the direction of the qibla, and should be faced during prayers.\u00a0 This direction is fixed toward the Kaaba in Mecca, which is the most sacred site in Islam.\u00a0 The mihrab is very ornate and decorated to really stand out.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 583px;height: 316px\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm2.staticflickr.com\/1212\/1477404230_d6ed834835.jpg\" width=\"254\" height=\"193\" \/>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\">M<\/span><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\">ihrab, 1354\u201455, Isfahan, Iran by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/profzucker\/7610938518\/sizes\/m\/\">Steven Zucker<\/a>,used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<table style=\"width: 265px;height: 304px\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm8.staticflickr.com\/7269\/7610938518_833247d520.jpg\" width=\"237\" height=\"183\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino\">Turbans at the Mihrab of Qing Hai Mosque by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/swamibu\/1477404230\/sizes\/m\/\">Farrukh<\/a>, used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><strong><br \/>\nMinbar<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">The minbar is an elevated platform where the prayer leader delivers the sermons.\u00a0 It is typically in the shape of a small tower with stairs leading up to the elevated platform.\u00a0 In some mosques, the minbars will have a pointed roof.\u00a0 The minbar is located to the side of the mihrab and it is a place that symbolizes authority.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 670px;height: 451px\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm4.staticflickr.com\/3211\/2955003746_1073887341.jpg\" width=\"360\" height=\"233\" \/><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Mihrab and Minbar, Mosque of al-Rifa\u2019i by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/khowaga\/2955003746\/sizes\/m\/\">Christopher Rose<\/a>, used under<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<table style=\"width: 264px;height: 412px\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm2.staticflickr.com\/1367\/822299828_a8901e0809.jpg\" width=\"219\" height=\"225\" \/><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\"><br \/>\nSokollu Mehmet Pasa Camii, Mirhab &amp; minbar\u00a0by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cercamon\/822299828\/sizes\/m\/\">cercamon<\/a>,\u00a0used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><strong><br \/>\nMinaret<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">Minarets are tall, slender towers.\u00a0 The number, shape, size, and style can vary from each mosque.\u00a0 The towers usually have a pointed roof.\u00a0 The minaret was originally designed as the tallest place to make the adhan, which is the Islamic call to prayer.\u00a0The call to prayer is done five times everyday. In modern day mosques, most prayer halls are used to make the call to prayer. Now, most minarets provide some sort of air conditioning system.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm1.staticflickr.com\/4\/5228480_f141c1299f.jpg\" width=\"212\" height=\"195\" \/>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\">Minarets at Dawn- Medina, Saudi Arabia by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/shabbir\/5228480\/sizes\/m\/\">Shabbir Siraj<\/a>,used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm5.staticflickr.com\/4111\/4967147141_b6e2618549_b.jpg\" width=\"256\" height=\"196\" \/><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\"><br \/>\nIslamic Center, Samarinda by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/long-long\/4967147141\/sizes\/l\/\">Dragono Halim<\/a>,used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><strong>Ablution Facilities<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">Ablution facilities vary in different mosques, yet they are necessary for a mosque for one main reason: cleanliness. Ablution is a purification process that is done each time before entering the prayer hall. In some small mosques, the ablution facility is simply the restroom. In more traditional mosques, the ablution facility is an area in the middle of courtyard. Some traditional mosques have an ablution fountain, and others have a building in the middle of the courtyard.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 600px;height: 335px\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm7.staticflickr.com\/6039\/6294360149_3e697777bb.jpg\" width=\"257\" height=\"154\" \/><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\"><br \/>\nAblution fountain, Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. by-sa <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/26085795@N02\/4702387106\/sizes\/m\/\">Jan Smith<\/a>, used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm2.staticflickr.com\/1283\/4702387106_2facaac5ec.jpg\" width=\"247\" height=\"183\" \/><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\">IMG_9974by-sa <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/beggs\/6294360149\/sizes\/m\/\">Brian Jeffery Beggerly<\/a>, used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino\"><strong>Dome<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">The domes of the mosque can be vastly different. The domes have been thought to signify Heaven and the sky. Most domes are in the shape of a hemisphere. The sizes of the mosque domes have grown overtime. Some of the first domes were over just the mihrab, now most domes are very large and sometimes cover the entire prayer hall. The dome is usually decorated on the interior and exterior.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm9.staticflickr.com\/8109\/8595114440_f05077f617.jpg\" width=\"194\" height=\"186\" \/><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\">Domes\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/hpatton\/8425372028\/sizes\/m\/\">Henry Patton<\/a>, used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm9.staticflickr.com\/8071\/8425372028_bc3b7e100e.jpg\" width=\"319\" height=\"189\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\"><br \/>\nKalya in Mosque dome by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/boltok\/8595114440\/sizes\/m\/\">Ahmed Sajjad<\/a>, used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><b>Prayer Hall<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">The prayer hall is called the musalla. The prayer hall is a large, open space. With the exception of the elderly who need chairs, there is typically no furniture in the musalla because the mosque-goers kneel and sit on the floor.<\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 304px;height: 192px\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm4.staticflickr.com\/3589\/3910249801_b1c9257467.jpg\" width=\"264\" height=\"170\" \/><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\"><br \/>\nGrand Mosque, Abu Dhabi, UAE by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/26085795@N02\/3910249801\/sizes\/m\/\">Jan Smith<\/a>, used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm7.staticflickr.com\/6190\/6076562706_f299e8ef21.jpg\" width=\"326\" height=\"161\" \/><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\">National Mosque of Malaysia #1 by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/guwashi999\/6076562706\/sizes\/m\/in\/photolist-afXYow-cXoKNG-8aRq67-gfZcXK-cXoH1w-eyZCwe-bNmJ5Z-drZStk-buBFYH-buBDPk-gMwRin-do15Df-dnZvGH-a2Drt5-do2fU5-7MGaXK-8xxBqH-drZCXj-7yTpCG-drZRGT-86uGe2-gouZ7U-ck7wny-g37VYF-cYTQJW-g3bB3E-biR8Tg-9vHLTG-9vEKKa-8bAYde-8aYMJK-8asEV4-8b356Y-dnVcEk-atU8mK-aqz22L-bXcD9y-8ePK33-8ePywY-8eLoFn-8ePKRm-8eLqMz-8ePsRG-8eLvet-8ePTqs-8ePAA3-8eLwgz-8ePDVb-8eLfig-8P67SR-bnvfQB\/\">Guwashi999<\/a>, used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm4.staticflickr.com\/3192\/2718780662_299e559f0b_b.jpg\" width=\"313\" height=\"195\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino\">2007-03-11 03-17 Is tanbul 060 Sultan Ahmet Moschee <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: x-small;font-family: georgia, palatino\">by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wm_archiv\/2718780662\/sizes\/l\/\">Allie Caulfield<\/a>, used under\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\"><b>Porch<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: medium\">The porch is a place to gather and an entryway into the mosque. The porch can be leveled and designed. The porch is located at the top of the facade. The entrance to the mosque is through the main arch of the facade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/farm8.staticflickr.com\/7129\/7863818474_38236fcacf.jpg\" width=\"254\" height=\"294\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em id=\"__mceDel\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Tunisia-4565B<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em id=\"__mceDel\"> <span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;font-size: x-small\"> by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/archer10\/7863818474\/sizes\/m\/\">Dennis Jarvis<\/a>, used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png\" \/><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia,palatino;text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;text-decoration: underline\">IV. Sources<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Beggerly, B. (2011, September 26).\u00a0IMG_9974.\u00a0[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/beggs\/6294360149\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/beggs\/6294360149\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Caulfield, A. (2007, March 12).\u00a0<i>2007-03-11 03-17 Istanbul060 Sultan Ahmet Moschee<\/i>.\u00a0[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wm_archiv\/2718780662\/sizes\/l\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wm_archiv\/2718780662\/sizes\/l\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">cercamon. (2007, July 15).\u00a0<i>Sokollu Mehmet Pasa Camii, mirhab &amp; minbar.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cercamon\/822299828\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/cercamon\/822299828\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- Share Alike 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Farahati, A. (2011). The Mosque as the First Political-Ideological Base in the Islamic Society. [PDF file] Kashan, Esfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Farrukh. (2006, December 7).\u00a0<i>Farrukh.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/swamibu\/1477404230\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/swamibu\/1477404230\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Guwashi999. (2011, July 20).\u00a0<i>National Mosque of Malaysia #1.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. 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Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Halim, D. (2010, September 7).\u00a0<i>Islamic Center, Samarinda.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/long-long\/4967147141\/sizes\/l\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/long-long\/4967147141\/sizes\/l\/<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jama_masjid_dilli6.jpg\">http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jama_masjid_dilli6.jpg<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- Share Alike 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Hegedus, U. (1997). Muslim Mosque. London: A &amp; C Black.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Jarvis, D. (2012, May 19).\u00a0<i>Tunisia-4564B.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jama_masjid_dilli6.jpg\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/archer10\/7863818474\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution \u2013 Share Alike 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Macaulay, D. (2003). Mosque. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Patton, H. (2012, December 9).\u00a0<i>Domes.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/hpatton\/8425372028\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/hpatton\/8425372028\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- Share Alike 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Rose, C. (2005, June 30). <i>Mihrab and Minbar, Mosque of al-Rifa\u2019i.<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/khowaga\/2955003746\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/khowaga\/2955003746\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Siraj, S.. (2005, February 19).\u00a0<i>Minarets at Dawn-Medina, Saudi Arabia.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/shabbir\/5228480\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/shabbir\/5228480\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- Share Alike 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Smith, J. (2009, July 15).\u00a0Grand Mosque, Abu Dhabi, UAE.\u00a0[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/26085795@N02\/3910249801\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/26085795@N02\/3910249801\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Smith, J. (2010, May 12).\u00a0<i>Ablution fountain, Umayyad Mosque, Damascus.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/26085795@N02\/4702387106\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/26085795@N02\/4702387106\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Zaidi, A. (2013, March 18).\u00a0<i>Kalyan Mosque dome.\u00a0<\/i>[Digital Image]. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jama_masjid_dilli6.jpg\">website<\/a>. Available under\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- Share Alike 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">Zucker, S. (2012, June 13). <i>Mihrab, 1354\u201455, Isfahan, Iran<\/i>. [Digital Image]. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/profzucker\/7610938518\/sizes\/m\/\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/profzucker\/7610938518\/sizes\/m\/<\/a>. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>December 2013 I. Overview Video II. Birth of the Islamic Mosque III. Architectural Segmentation IV. Sources \u201cThe spiritual peace that one feels in the masjid is but one of the many blessings of visiting a House of Allah.\u201d -Yasir Qadhi I. Overview Video II. Birth of the Islamic Mosque Then After migrating to Medina, The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2479,"featured_media":0,"parent":35,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-213","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2479"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":144,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":348,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/213\/revisions\/348"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blogs.butler.edu\/ghsislam13\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}