1
I heard the Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, say:
What is lawful is manifest and what is unlawful is manifest and between these two are doubtful things which many people do not know. So whoever guards himself against the doubtful things, he keeps his religion and his honour unsullied, and whoever falls into doubtful things is like the herdsman who grazes his cattle on the borders of a reserve–he is likely to enter it. Know that every king has a reserve (and) know that the reserve of Allāh in His land is what He has forbidden. Know that in the body there is a bit of flesh; when it is sound the whole body is sound, and when it is corrupt the whole body is corrupt. Know, it is the heart.”
3
Abu Hurairah said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, was one day sitting outside among the people when a man came to him and asked, What is faith (Iman)? He said:
“Faith is that thou believe in Allah and His angels and in meeting with Him and (in) His messengers and that thou believe in being raised to life (after death).”
He asked, What is Islam? (The Prophet) said:
“Islam is that thou shalt worship Allah and not associate aught with Him and (that) thou keep up prayer and pay the zakat as ordained and fast in Ramadzan.”
He asked, What is ihsan (goodness)? (The Prophet) said:
“That thou worship Allah as if thou seest Him; for if thou see Him not, surely He sees thee.”
4
Ibn `Umar said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Islam is built on five (things), the bearing of witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and keeping up of prayer and the payment of zakat and the pilgrimage and fasting in Ramadzan.”
5
Anas reported on the authority of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, He said:
“None of you has faith unless he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.”
Anas reported on the authority of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, . . . He said:
“There is none who bears witness with sincerity of heart that there is no god but Allāh and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allāh but Allāh has forbidden his going to fire.”
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “The seeking of knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim.”
8
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him,
“Purification is half the faith.”
9
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“Prayer is not accepted without purification, nor (is) charity (accepted) out of what is acquired by unlawful means.
10
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
Pure earth serves the purpose of a Muslim’s ablution, though he may not find water for ten years. When he finds water, he should wash with it his body, for that is better.”
11
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“That man has not performed ablution who does not remember Allāh in doing it.”
11a
Yahyā al-Māzinī reported that
A man said to ‘Abd Allāh ibn Zaid, Canst thou show me how the Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, performed ablution? ‘Abd Allāh ibn Zaid said, Yes. So he sent for water and poured it over his hands and washed his hands twice, then he rinsed his mouth and sniffed water into his nose thrice, then he washed his face thrice, then he washed his hands up to the elbow twice, then he wiped his head with both his hands so that he carried them from the front and brought them back he began with his forehead until he carried them to his neck, then he brought them back to the place from which he had started then he washed his two feet.
12
It is reported about Ibn `Umar that he used to say,
The Muslims when they came to Madinah used to gather together and they made an appointment for prayers; no call was given for it. So they talked about it one day. Some of them said, Have a bell like the bell of the Christians; others said, Rather a bugle like the horn of the Jews; `Umar said, Would you not appoint a man who should sound a call for the prayer. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said, “O Bilal! get up and give a call for prayer.”
13
Abu Mahdhurah said,
I said, O Messenger of Allah! Teach me the way of delivering the adhan. He said, So he touched his forehead (and) said:
“Thou shouldst say:
`Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest.’
Thou shouldst raise thy voice with it; then thou shouldst say,
`I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.’
Thou shouldst lower thy voice with it; then thou shouldst raise thy voice with the bearing of witness,
`I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Come to prayer, Come to prayer; Come to success, Come to success’.
Then if it is morning prayer, thou shouldst say,
`Prayer is better than sleep’, `Prayer is better than sleep’;
(Then thou shouldst say),
`Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, there is no God but Allah.'”
14
A man entered the mosque, and the Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, (was) sitting in a corner of the mosque; …….. he said, Teach me, O Messenger of Allāh! He said:
“When thou risest for the prayer, then perform the ablution in a right manner, then turn thy face towards the Qiblah, then say Allāhu Akbar, then recite what thou canst afford of the Qur’ān, then bow down until thou art at rest in bowing down (rukū’), then raise thyself up until thou art firm in the standing posture, then fall down in prostration until thou art at rest in prostration, then raise thyself up until thou art at rest in sitting, then fall down in prostration until thou art at rest in prostration, then raise thyself up until thou art at rest in sitting; and, according to one report, then raise thyself up until thou art firm in the standing posture; then do this in the whole of thy prayer.”
15
‘Ubādah reported that
‘The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“There is no prayer for him who does not recite the Opening (chapter) of the Book.”
16
Abu Musa said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, fell ill and his illness became severe; so he said:
“Tell Abu Bakr that he should lead the prayer for the people.” . . . So the messenger came to him, and he (Abu Bakr) led the prayer for the people in the lifetime of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him.
17
Abu Hurairah said on the authority of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, (who said):
“There is a man who gives a charity and he conceals it so much so that his left hand does not know what his right hand spends.”
18 and 18a
Abu Hurairah reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Removal from the way of that which is harmful is charity.” (B. 46 : 24.)
Jabir said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Every good deed is charity, and it is a good deed that thou meet thy brother with a cheerful countenance and that thou pour water from thy bucket into the vessel of thy brother.”
19
Abu Hurairah said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“The man who exerts himself on behalf of the widow and the poor one is like the one who struggles in the way of Allah, or the one who keeps awake in the night (for prayers) and fasts during the day.”
20
Abu Musa reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Sadaqah is incumbent on every Muslim.”
They (his companions) said, O Prophet of Allah! And (what about him) who has not got (anything to give)? He said:
“He should work with his hand and profit himself and give in charity.”
They said, If he has nothing (in spite of this). He said:
“He should help the distressed one who is in need.”
They said, If he is unable to do this. He said:
“He should do good deeds and refrain from doing evil–this is charity on his part.”
21
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“Fasting is an armour with which one protects oneself; so let not him (who fasts) utter immodest (or foul) speech, nor let him act in an ignorant manner; and if a man quarrels with him or abuses him, he should say twice, I am fasting. And by Him in Whose hand is my soul, the odour of the mouth of one fasting is sweeter in the estimation of Allāh than the odour of muskh–gives up his food and his drink and his (sexual) desire for MY sake; fasting is for Me and I will grant its reward; and a virtue brings reward ten times like it.”
Abū Hurairah said,
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“He who does not give up uttering falsehood and acting according to it, Allāh has no need of his giving up his food and his drink.”
22
One should break the fast on account of illness, whatever it may be, as Allāh has said. And Hasan and Ibrāhīm said, concerning the woman who gives suck and the one with child, when they fear about themselves or their child, they should break the fast, then fast on other days. And as to the very old man when he cannot bear fasting–Anas, after he became old, fed one who was needy, for a year or two daily with bread and meat, and broke the fast.
23
Ibn `Abbas reported,
Al-Aqra` asked the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, O Messenger of Allah! Is the pilgrimage to be performed every year or only once? He said :
“Only once; and whoever does it more than once, it is supererogatory.”
24
Ibn `Umar reported about the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him,
A man asked him, What should a man wear in the state of ihram? He said:
He shall not wear shirt, nor turban, nor trousers, nor head-gear, nor any cloth dyed with wars or saffron; and if he does not find shoes, let him wear leather stockings, and he should cut them off so that they may be lower than the ankles.”
25
Ibn `Umar reported,
`Umar said, speaking of the Corner (the Black Stone), I call Allah to witness that I know that thou art a stone — thou canst not harm or profit; and if I had not seen the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, kissing thee, I would not have kissed thee, then he kissed it.
26
While I was going along with ‘Abd Allāh, he said, We were with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, and he said:
“He who is able to marry should marry, for it keeps the eye cast down and keeps a man chaste; and he who cannot, should take to fasting, for it will have a castrating effect upon him.
27
Muhammad b. ‘Ali narrated on the authority of his father ‘Ali that Allah’s Apostle on the Day of Khaibar prohibited forever the contracting of temporary marriage and eating of the flesh of domestic donkeys.
28
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said When one of you asks a woman in marriage, then if he is able that he should look into what invites him to have her in marriage, he should do it.”
29
Mughīrah reported,
He made a proposal of marriage to a woman, and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“See her, for this is more likely to bring about agreement between you.”
30
Abū Hurairah reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said
“The widow shall not be married until she is consulted, and the virgin shall not be married until her consent is obtained.”
They said, O Messenger of Allāh! How shall her consent be obtained? He said. “(It is sufficient) that she remains silent.”5
31
Khansā’ reported,
Her father gave her away in marriage, and she was a thayyib, and she did not like it. So she came to the Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, and he annulled her marriage.
32
‘Ā’ishah said,
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“Select (fit) women (in respect of character) for your seed, and marry (your) equals and give (your daughters) in marriage to them.”
33
Abū Hurairah reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“A woman is married on account of four things; on account of her wealth, and on account of (the nobility of) her family, and her beauty, and on account of her character, so attain success with the one possessing nobility of character.”
34
Ibn `Umar reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“With Allah, the most detestable of all things permitted is divorce.”
35
Thauban said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Whatever woman asks for divorce from her husband without any harm, the sweet odour of paradise shall be forbidden to her.”
36
Ibn `Umar reported,
He divorced his wife while she was menstruating. `Umar mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, so the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, became displeased on account of this and said:
“He should take her back, then keep her until she is clean, then menstruates and (again) becomes clean; if it then appears to him that he should divorce her, he should divorce her while she is in a clean condition; before he approaches her. This is the `iddah as Allah has commanded it.
37
Ibn `Abbas said,
The (procedure of) divorce in the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, in that of Abu Bakr and for two years in the caliphate of `Umar ibn al-Khattab, was that divorce uttered thrice (on one occasion) was considered as one divorce. Then `Umar said, People have made haste in a matter in which there was moderation for them; so we may make it take effect with regard to them. So he made it take effect with regard to them.
38
`Ali said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, cursed the man who committed halalah and the one for whom halalah was committed.
39
Ibn al-Musayyab said,
When a person is found missing while fighting, his wife shall wait for one year.
40
Miqdam reported,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of his hand.”
41
Ma`mar said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said,
“Whoever withholds cereals that they may become scarce and dear, is a sinner.”
42
Hudhaifah said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“The angels met the soul of a man from among those who were before you, (and) they said, Hast thou done any good? He said, I used to give respite to the one in easy circumstances and forgive one who was in straitened circumstances. So they forgave him.”
43
Sa`id ibn Huraith said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Whoever sells a house or a land yielding revenue, then he does not invest the price on a thing akin to it, he is not likely to be blessed therein.”
44
Abu Hurairah reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Allah says, There are three persons whose adversary in dispute I shall be on the day of resurrection : a person who makes a promise in My name then acts unfaithfully, and a person who sells a free person then devours his price, and a person who employs a servant and receives fully the labour due from him then he does not pay his remuneration.
45
abir reported,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, cursed the usurer and the man who pays usury and the writer of the transaction and the two witnesses thereof and he said:
“They are alike.”
46
Abu Hurairah reported,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him,
“Excess of water should not be withheld, arresting thereby the growth of herbage.
46b
Anas said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“There is no Muslim who plants a tree or cultivates land, then there eat of it birds or a man or an animal but it is a charity for him.”
47
Ibn ‘Abbās said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“The man who takes back what he has gifted is like one who returns to his vomit.”
48
Usāmah said,
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“To whomsoever good is done and he says to the doer of it, May Allāh reward thee, he has done his utmost in praising.”
49
Sa’d ibn Abī Waqqās said,
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, used to visit me at Makkah, in the year of the Farewell pilgrimage, on account of (my) illness which had become very severe. So I said, My illness has become very severe and I have much property and there is none to inherit from me but a daughter, shall I then bequeath two-thirds of my property as a charity? He said, “No”. I said, Half? He said, “No”. Then he said:
“Bequeath one-third and one-third is much, for if thou leavest thy heirs free from want, it is better than that thou leavest them in want, begging of (other) people; and thou dost not spend anything seeking thereby the pleasure of Allāh but thou art rewarded for it, even for that which thou puttest into the mouth of thy wife.”
50
‘Amr ibn Shu’aib .reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
Whoever holds illicit intercourse with a free woman or a slave-girl, the child (thus born) is illegitimate, and be does not inherit, nor is he inherited.”
51
Jābir said,
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said:
“Of whatever thing a large quantity intoxicates, even a small quantity is prohibited.”
52
Salmān reported,
The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, said “The blessing of food is the washing of hands before it, and the washing of hands after it.”
53
Abū Sa’īd al-Khudrī said,
When the Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings of Allāh be on him, finished his meal, he used to say: “All praise is due to Allāh Who has given us to eat and to drink, and made us Muslims.”
54
Abu Hurairah said,
A man came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, and said, O Messenger of Allah! Who has the greatest right that I should keep company with him with goodness? He said,
“Thy mother”
He said, Who then? He said,
“Thy mother.”
He said, Who then? He said,
“Thy mother.”
He said, Who then? He said,
“Then thy father.”
55
Aswad said,
I asked `A’ishah, What did the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, do when in his house? She said, he served his wife, meaning that he did work for his wife.
56
Ibn `Umar reported,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim; he does him no injustice, nor does he leave him alone (to be the victim of another’s injustice); and whoever does the needful for his brother, Allah does the needful for him; and whoever removes the distress of a Muslim, Allah removes from him a distress out of the distresses of the day of resurrection; and whoever covers (the fault of) a Muslim, Allah will cover his sins on the day of resurrection.”
57
Abu Dharr said,
. . . . The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said to me:
“. . . Your slaves are your brethren, Allah has placed them under your control; so whoever has his brother under his control should feed him from what he eats and should give him clothes to wear from what he wears, and do not impose on them a task which should over-power them, and if you impose on them such a task, then help them (in doing it).”
58
`Abd Allah reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Surely truth leads to virtue, and virtue leads to paradise, and a man continues to speak the truth until he becomes thoroughly truthful; and surely falsehood leads to vice, and vice leads to the fire, and a man continues to tell lies until he is written down a great liar with Allah.”
59
Ibn `Umar reported,
I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, say:
“Every one of you is a ruler and every one of you shall be questioned about those under his rule; the king is a ruler and he shall be questioned about his subjects; and the man is a ruler in his family and he shall be questioned about those under his care; and the woman is a ruler in the house of her husband, and she shall be questioned about those under her care; and the servant is a ruler so far as the property of his master is concerned, and he shall be questioned about that which is entrusted to him.”
60
Ibn `Umar reported,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“To hear and obey (the authorities) is binding, so long as one is not commanded to disobey (God); when one is commanded to disobey (God), he shall not hear or obey.”
61
Abu Hurairah reported,
He heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, say:
He who obeys me obeys Allah, and he who disobeys me disobeys Allah; and he who obeys the amir obeys me, and he who disobeys the amir disobeys me; and the imam is an armour for protection — the battle is fought for his defence and through him protection is sought. So if he commands the doing of duty to Allah and does justice, he has a reward for it; and if he does otherwise, he shall suffer the evil consequences of it.”
62
`Ali said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“Obedience is due only in that which is good.”
63
Abu Sa`id said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said:
“The most excellent jihad is the uttering of truth in the presence of an unjust ruler.”
64
Abu Burdah said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, sent Abu Musa and Mu`adh ibn Jabal to Yaman, and he appointed each one of them to govern a part of Yaman, and he said, Yaman was divided into two parts; then he said :
“Be gentle (to the people) and be not hard (on them), and make (them) rejoice and do not incite (them) to aversion.”
65
It is reported about `Umar that when he appointed his governors, he laid down upon them certain conditions:
You shall not ride a horse that is not of Arabian breed; you shall not eat bread made of fine flour; you shall not wear fine clothes; and you shall not shut your doors against the needs of the people. If you do any of these things, punishment shall descend on you.
Then he went forth with them to bid them farewell.
66
And with the same chain from the Prophet, peace be on
him, who said: No child is born without Satan touching him at
the moment it is born, so it begins to cry at the touch of Satan.
Excepted (Virgin) Mary and her son (Jesus).
67
Ibn Mas’ood reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) says: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) says: There is not one of you who does not have a jinn appointed to be his constant companion. They said, and you too, O Messenger of Allah? He said, me too, but Allah has helped me and he has submitted, so that he only helps me to do good.”
68
’Abd Allah Ibn Maslama related to us from Malik, from ‘Abd Alah Ibn Dinar, from ‘Abd Allah Ibn ‘Umar- may God be pleased with them both- who said, ‘I saw the messenger of God- may God bless him and grant him peace!- pointing towards the East. And he said, ‘Right there, truly discord is right there. Yes, discord is from right there where the horn of Satan rises.’
69
Abu Kurayb Muhammad Ibn Al-‘Ala and Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim both said, ‘Abu Mu’awiya told us that al’A’mash related to us from Abu Sufyan from Jabir who said that the messenger of God- may God bless him and grant him peace!- said, ‘Iblis places his throne upon the waters. Then he sends forth his flying columns. To those who are best at sowing discord, he has granted a place close to him. One of them comes and says,’ I have done such and such’. Then he replies, ‘You have not accomplished anything.’ He said, “then another of them comes and says, ‘I did not leave him until I had caused division between him and his wife.’ He said, ‘Then Iblis brings him close to himself and says, ‘You have done well’